cgsecurity.org

Understood; thank you for taking the time to point me in the right direction.

No.

Thanks for saving me from that wild goose chase.

Have you tried to access the MS Data partition using the p-key ("list files")?

Yes.
Short answer is, the EFI and tiny MS data partitions listed files (all system files)
the larger ones returned "No file found, filesystem may be damaged ...

I accidentally installed linux over the top of an existing hard drive. (500GB M.2 slot SSD. WD Black SN750)

I'll start with my two questions; the rest below is details to show what I'm working with.

1) Is the partition information I have from before the incident (see below) enough for me to ...