I have an ASUSTOR NAS, AS1002T, with two HDDs (Volume 1, Volume 2) and no RAID set up.
Volume1 had a physical sector failure and bought new HDD and replaced it. (Volume1 HDD is not the focus of this story. Forget it.)
At this stage, there is no damage to Volume2.
In order for the NAS to recognize the new HDD, Volume1, we had to reset the NAS to its factory state and set it up from scratch.
At this stage, the NAS is now able to mount the Volume1, while it no longer recognizes the Volume2 HDD.
The only thing left to do is to make it recognize the Volume2 HDD.
So I opened the Storage Manager menu on the NAS side Web administration screen and applied "Non-RAID Volume Type Single: Create storage space using only a single disk" to Volume2.
At that time, Volume2 seems to have undergone a formatting or partition change operation and I can no longer see any folders or files.
Towards recovery:
I knew from the catalog that the internal disk format of the NAS is ext4.
https://www.asustor.com/product/spec?p_id=42
-> filesystem - internal disk: EXT4
I took Volume2 out of the NAS, connected it to Windows 10 64-bit and started Windows.
I installed TestDisk and specified the disk.
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TestDisk 7.2-WIP, Data Recovery Utility, Novembre 2020
Christophe GRENIER <grenier@cgsecurity.org>
https://www.cgsecurity.org
Disk /dev/sdc - 3000 GB / 2794 GiB - CHS 364801 255 63
Current partition structure:
Partition Start End Size in sectors
1 P Linux filesys. data 2048 524287 522240
2 P Linux Raid 524288 4718591 4194304 [AS1002T-8BDC:0]
3 P Linux Raid 4718592 8912895 4194304 [AS1002T-8BDC:126]
4 P Linux Raid 8912896 5860532223 5851619328 [AS1002T-8BDC:2]
P=Primary D=Deleted
>[Quick Search] [ Backup ]
Try to locate partition
The folder/file is in Partition #4.
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Disk /dev/sdc - 3000 GB / 2794 GiB - CHS 364801 255 63
Partition Start End Size in sectors
P Linux filesys. data 2048 524287 522240
P Linux Raid 524288 4714503 4190216 [AS1002T-8BDC:0]
P Linux Raid 4718592 8908807 4190216 [AS1002T-8BDC:126]
>P Linux Raid 8912896 5860270087 5851357192 [AS1002T-8BDC:2]
Only Partition #1 is previewable, and its content is as follows: [P: list files].
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Directory /
drwxr-xr-x 0 0 1024 1-Dec-2020 13:11 ..
-rw-r--r-- 0 0 15984 1-Dec-2020 12:40 AS10XXT.dtb
-rw-r--r-- 0 0 91 1-Dec-2020 12:40 AS10XXT.dtb.md5sum
-rw-r--r-- 0 0 15984 1-Dec-2020 12:40 AS10XXTE.dtb
-rw-r--r-- 0 0 92 1-Dec-2020 12:40 AS10XXTE.dtb.md5sum
-rw-r--r-- 0 0 124857289 1-Dec-2020 12:40 builtin.tgz
-rw-r--r-- 0 0 78 1-Dec-2020 12:40 builtin.tgz.cksum
-rw-r--r-- 0 0 91 1-Dec-2020 12:40 builtin.tgz.md5sum
---------- 0 0 362 1-Dec-2020 12:40 fwupdate.sh
-rw-r--r-- 0 0 10994684 1-Dec-2020 12:40 initramfs
-rw-r--r-- 0 0 75 1-Dec-2020 12:40 initramfs.cksum
-rw-r--r-- 0 0 89 1-Dec-2020 12:40 initramfs.md5sum
-rwxr-xr-x 0 0 3097136 1-Dec-2020 12:40 zImage
-rw-r--r-- 0 0 86 1-Dec-2020 12:40 zImage.md5sum
-rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 1-Dec-2020 12:40 .fwpacked
This is where my hand stopped.
Since the initialization was done on my original NAS, I figured that this partition would be the same as the original configuration.
- Q1. Therefore, wouldn't a [Write] here revive the files?
Q2. Also, I thought my filesystem was ext4, but it says "Linux Raid" here, what do I do?
Q3. What do I do next? For example, at first I was going to try to apply fsck.ext4(on Ubunto on VMWare) to Partition #4, but then I got scared.
The testdisk.log is here.
https://pastebin.com/qfnuZ3zM
Thanks to the developers and the community.