Mi time is over. I reinstalled Ubuntu Server, lost my data, and reconfigured all again. I wrote every step so I know exactly how to get the old configuration.
I would love to know how to solve this "issue", because it could happen again, but I'm on the deadline and this time is better to rebuild...
I reboot with Alt + Print Scr and R + E + I + S + U + B because e2fsck didn't work in normal reboot. Then I did run e2fsck -f -b 32768 /dev/mapper/grupoprincipal-volumenlogicohome and the output was:
/dev/sda1: recovering journal
e2fsck: unable to set superblock flags on /dev/mapper/grupoprincipal-volumenlogicohome
It's a shame

Remy, thank you for your time and your wise words

See you soon.